Skip to main content

Path Computation Element (pce)

Document Date Status IPR AD/Shepherd
Active Internet-Drafts (25 hits)
14 pages
draft-ietf-pce-circuit-style-pcep-extensions-06
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) extensions for Circuit Style Policies
2024-09-03
I-D Exists
WG Document
1
18 pages
draft-ietf-pce-controlled-id-space-00
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) extension to advertise the PCE Controlled Identifier Space
2024-06-04
I-D Exists
WG Document

10 pages
draft-ietf-pce-entropy-label-position-02
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for SR-MPLS Entropy Label Positions
2024-09-19
I-D Exists
WG Document
1
19 pages
draft-ietf-pce-flexible-grid-10
PCEP Extension for Flexible Grid Networks
2024-07-05
I-D Exists
WG Document
1
12 pages
draft-ietf-pce-iana-update-02
Update to the IANA PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) Registration Procedures and Allowing Experimental Error Codes
2024-09-23
New
I-D Exists
WG Consensus: Waiting for Write-Up

24 pages
draft-ietf-pce-multipath-11
PCEP Extensions for Signaling Multipath Information
2024-04-08
Expires soon
I-D Exists
WG Document
Mar 2024
3
10 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-color-04
Path Computation Element Protocol(PCEP) Extension for Color
2024-05-27
I-D Exists
Waiting for WG Chair Go-Ahead : Proposed Standard
Review: rtgdir Early
1
Andrew Stone
38 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-extension-native-ip-40
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Native IP Networks
2024-09-10
RFC Ed Queue : MISSREF
Submitted to IESG for Publication : Experimental
Reviews: secdir secdir LC genart LC secdir Early opsdir Early rtgdir Early
Nov 2023
John Scudder
Dhruv Dhody
34 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-extension-pce-controller-sr-09
PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Using PCE as a Central Controller (PCECC) for Segment Routing (SR) MPLS Segment Identifier (SID) Allocation and Distribution.
2024-07-04
I-D Exists
WG Document

20 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-extension-pce-controller-srv6-03
PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Using the PCE as a Central Controller (PCECC) for Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) Segment Identifier (SID) Allocation and Distribution.
2024-08-18
I-D Exists
WG Document
1
23 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-ifit-05
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions to Enable IFIT
2024-07-05
I-D Exists
WG Document
1
14 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-l2-flowspec-06
PCEP Extension for Layer 2 (L2) Flow Specification
2024-06-19
I-D Exists
WG Document
1
40 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-ls-01
PCEP extensions for Distribution of Link-State and TE Information
2024-05-16
I-D Exists
WG Document

11 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-pmtu-06
Support for Path MTU (PMTU) in the Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP)
2024-07-08
I-D Exists
WG Document

132 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-yang-25
A YANG Data Model for Path Computation Element Communications Protocol (PCEP)
2024-05-21
AD Evaluation
Submitted to IESG for Publication : Proposed Standard
Reviews: rtgdir Early secdir Early yangdoctors Early yangdoctors Early rtgdir Early
Jan 2024
Action Holder: Gunter Van de Velde
Gunter Van de Velde
Julien Meuric
6 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pceps-tls13-04
Updates for PCEPS: TLS Connection Establishment Restrictions
2024-01-09
RFC Ed Queue : MISSREF 268
Submitted to IESG for Publication : Proposed Standard
Reviews: genart LC rtgdir Early
John Scudder
Andrew Stone
27 pages
draft-ietf-pce-segment-routing-policy-cp-17
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Segment Routing (SR) Policy Candidate Paths
2024-06-25
AD Evaluation::Revised I-D Needed
Submitted to IESG for Publication : Proposed Standard
Review: rtgdir Early
Mar 2024
Action Holders: Roman Danyliw , Mike Koldychev , Siva Sivabalan , Colby Barth , Shuping Peng , Hooman Bidgoli
Roman Danyliw
Dhruv Dhody
22 pages
draft-ietf-pce-sid-algo-14
Carrying SR-Algorithm Information in PCE-based Networks.
2024-09-25
New
I-D Exists
WG Document
Reviews: opsdir Early rtgdir Early

20 pages
draft-ietf-pce-sr-bidir-path-14
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Associated Bidirectional Segment Routing (SR) Paths
2024-08-11
I-D Exists
WG Document
1
47 pages
draft-ietf-pce-sr-p2mp-policy-09
PCEP extensions for p2mp sr policy
2024-08-02
I-D Exists
WG Document
1
Andrew Stone
26 pages
draft-ietf-pce-sr-path-segment-11
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Path Segment in Segment Routing (SR)
2024-09-14
I-D Exists
WG Document
1
35 pages
draft-ietf-pce-state-sync-08
Procedures for Communication between Stateful Path Computation Elements
2024-09-18
I-D Exists
WG Document

47 pages
draft-ietf-pce-stateful-interdomain-05
PCEP Extension for Stateful Inter-Domain Tunnels
2024-07-05
I-D Exists
WG Document

12 pages
draft-ietf-pce-stateful-pce-optional-09
Extension for Stateful PCE to allow Optional Processing of PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) Objects
2024-04-16
In Last Call (ends 2024-10-03)
Submitted to IESG for Publication : Proposed Standard
Reviews: genart LC secdir LC rtgdir Early opsdir LC
Action Holder: Roman Danyliw
Roman Danyliw
Dhruv Dhody
12 pages
draft-ietf-pce-stateful-pce-vendor-08
Conveying Vendor-Specific Information in the Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP) extensions for Stateful PCE.
2024-09-26
New
In Last Call (ends 2024-10-10)
Submitted to IESG for Publication : Proposed Standard
Reviews: rtgdir Early opsdir Early genart LC opsdir LC secdir LC
Action Holder: Roman Danyliw
Roman Danyliw
Dhruv Dhody
Expired Internet-Drafts (3 hits)
16 pages
draft-ietf-pce-bier-te-00
PCEP Extensions for BIER-TE
2023-11-04
Expired
WG Document
3
23 pages
draft-ietf-pce-enhanced-errors-13
Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol for Enhanced Errors and Notifications
2023-03-09
Expired
Parked WG Document

23 pages
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-srv6-yang-05
A YANG Data Model for Segment Routing (SR) Policy and SR in IPv6 (SRv6) support in Path Computation Element Communications Protocol (PCEP)
2024-03-18
Expired
WG Document

RFCs (68 hits)
40 pages
RFC 4655
A Path Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture
2006-08
Informational RFC
1 Ross Callon
21 pages
RFC 4657
Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol Generic Requirements
2006-09
Informational RFC
Ross Callon
19 pages
RFC 4674
Requirements for Path Computation Element (PCE) Discovery
2006-10
Informational RFC
Ross Callon
12 pages
RFC 4927
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCECP) Specific Requirements for Inter-Area MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering
2007-06
Informational RFC
Ross Callon
20 pages
RFC 5088
OSPF Protocol Extensions for Path Computation Element (PCE) Discovery Errata
2008-01
Proposed Standard RFC
Updated by rfc9353
Ross Callon
17 pages
RFC 5089
IS-IS Protocol Extensions for Path Computation Element (PCE) Discovery Errata
2008-01
Proposed Standard RFC
Updated by rfc9353
Ross Callon
14 pages
RFC 5376
Inter-AS Requirements for the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCECP)
2008-11
Informational RFC
Ross Callon
36 pages
RFC 5394
Policy-Enabled Path Computation Framework
2008-12
Informational RFC
Ross Callon
87 pages
RFC 5440
Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP) Errata
2009-03
Proposed Standard RFC
Updated by rfc7896, rfc8253, rfc8356, rfc9488
Ross Callon
18 pages
RFC 5441
A Backward-Recursive PCE-Based Computation (BRPC) Procedure to Compute Shortest Constrained Inter-Domain Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths Errata
2009-04
Proposed Standard RFC
Ross Callon
9 pages
RFC 5455
Diffserv-Aware Class-Type Object for the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol Errata
2009-03
Proposed Standard RFC
Ross Callon
19 pages
RFC 5520
Preserving Topology Confidentiality in Inter-Domain Path Computation Using a Path-Key-Based Mechanism Errata
2009-04
Proposed Standard RFC
Ross Callon
16 pages
RFC 5521
Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) for Route Exclusions Errata
2009-04
Proposed Standard RFC
Ross Callon
23 pages
RFC 5541
Encoding of Objective Functions in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP)
2009-06
Proposed Standard RFC
Adrian Farrel
26 pages
RFC 5557
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Requirements and Protocol Extensions in Support of Global Concurrent Optimization
2009-07
Proposed Standard RFC
Adrian Farrel
34 pages
RFC 5623
Framework for PCE-Based Inter-Layer MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering Errata
2009-09
Informational RFC
2 Ross Callon
15 pages
RFC 5671
Applicability of the Path Computation Element (PCE) to Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering (TE)
2009-10
Informational RFC
Ross Callon
11 pages
RFC 5862
Path Computation Clients (PCC) - Path Computation Element (PCE) Requirements for Point-to-Multipoint MPLS-TE
2010-06
Informational RFC
Ross Callon
26 pages
RFC 5886
A Set of Monitoring Tools for Path Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture
2010-06
Proposed Standard RFC
Adrian Farrel
33 pages
RFC 6006
Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) for Point-to-Multipoint Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths Errata
2010-09
Proposed Standard RFC
Obsoleted by rfc8306
2 Adrian Farrel
18 pages
RFC 6007
Use of the Synchronization VECtor (SVEC) List for Synchronized Dependent Path Computations
2010-09
Informational RFC
Adrian Farrel
13 pages
RFC 6123
Inclusion of Manageability Sections in Path Computation Element (PCE) Working Group Drafts
2011-02
Historic RFC
Stewart Bryant
12 pages
RFC 6457
PCC-PCE Communication and PCE Discovery Requirements for Inter-Layer Traffic Engineering
2011-12
Informational RFC
Stewart Bryant
33 pages
RFC 6805
The Application of the Path Computation Element Architecture to the Determination of a Sequence of Domains in MPLS and GMPLS
2012-11
Informational RFC
Stewart Bryant
12 pages
RFC 7025
Requirements for GMPLS Applications of PCE
2013-09
Informational RFC
Adrian Farrel
12 pages
RFC 7150
Conveying Vendor-Specific Constraints in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol
2014-03
Proposed Standard RFC
Obsoleted by rfc7470
Stewart Bryant
25 pages
RFC 7334
PCE-Based Computation Procedure to Compute Shortest Constrained Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Inter-Domain Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths
2014-08
Experimental RFC
Adrian Farrel
29 pages
RFC 7399
Unanswered Questions in the Path Computation Element Architecture
2014-10
Informational RFC
Alia Atlas
65 pages
RFC 7420
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Management Information Base (MIB) Module Errata
2014-12
Proposed Standard RFC
Adrian Farrel
12 pages
RFC 7449
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Requirements for Wavelength Switched Optical Network (WSON) Routing and Wavelength Assignment
2015-02
Informational RFC
1 Adrian Farrel
14 pages
RFC 7470
Conveying Vendor-Specific Constraints in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol
2015-03
Proposed Standard RFC
Alia Atlas
5 pages
RFC 7896
Update to the Include Route Object (IRO) Specification in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP)
2016-06
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
35 pages
RFC 7897
Domain Subobjects for the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP)
2016-06
Experimental RFC
Deborah Brungard
24 pages
RFC 8051
Applicability of a Stateful Path Computation Element (PCE)
2017-01
Informational RFC
Deborah Brungard
57 pages
RFC 8231
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Stateful PCE Errata
2017-09
Proposed Standard RFC
Updated by rfc8786, rfc9353
Deborah Brungard
26 pages
RFC 8232
Optimizations of Label Switched Path State Synchronization Procedures for a Stateful PCE
2017-09
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
31 pages
RFC 8233
Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) to Compute Service-Aware Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Errata
2017-09
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
26 pages
RFC 8253
PCEPS: Usage of TLS to Provide a Secure Transport for the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Errata
2017-10
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
20 pages
RFC 8281
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for PCE-Initiated LSP Setup in a Stateful PCE Model Errata
2017-12
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
22 pages
RFC 8282
Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) for Inter-Layer MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering
2017-12
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
43 pages
RFC 8306
Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) for Point-to-Multipoint Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths Errata
2017-11
Proposed Standard RFC
Updated by rfc9353
2 Deborah Brungard
7 pages
RFC 8356
Experimental Codepoint Allocation for the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP)
2018-03
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
12 pages
RFC 8408
Conveying Path Setup Type in PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) Messages
2018-07
Proposed Standard RFC
Updated by rfc8664
Deborah Brungard
33 pages
RFC 8623
Stateful Path Computation Element (PCE) Protocol Extensions for Usage with Point-to-Multipoint TE Label Switched Paths (LSPs)
2019-06
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
22 pages
RFC 8637
Applicability of the Path Computation Element (PCE) to the Abstraction and Control of TE Networks (ACTN)
2019-07
Informational RFC
Deborah Brungard
29 pages
RFC 8664
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Segment Routing Errata
2019-12
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
27 pages
RFC 8685
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for the Hierarchical Path Computation Element (H-PCE) Architecture
2019-12
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
24 pages
RFC 8694
Applicability of the Path Computation Element to Inter-area and Inter-AS MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering
2019-12
Informational RFC
Deborah Brungard
28 pages
RFC 8697
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Establishing Relationships between Sets of Label Switched Paths (LSPs)
2020-01
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
32 pages
RFC 8733
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for MPLS-TE Label Switched Path (LSP) Auto-Bandwidth Adjustment with Stateful PCE
2020-02
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
11 pages
RFC 8741
Ability for a Stateful Path Computation Element (PCE) to Request and Obtain Control of a Label Switched Path (LSP)
2020-03
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
15 pages
RFC 8745
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Associating Working and Protection Label Switched Paths (LSPs) with Stateful PCE
2020-03
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
21 pages
RFC 8751
Hierarchical Stateful Path Computation Element (PCE)
2020-03
Informational RFC
Deborah Brungard
38 pages
RFC 8779
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for GMPLS
2020-07
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
26 pages
RFC 8780
The Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Wavelength Switched Optical Network (WSON) Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA)
2020-07
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
6 pages
RFC 8786
Updated Rules for Processing Stateful PCE Request Parameters Flags
2020-05
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
21 pages
RFC 8800
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Label Switched Path (LSP) Diversity Constraint Signaling
2020-07
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
23 pages
RFC 8934
PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Label Switched Path (LSP) Scheduling with Stateful PCE
2020-10
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
15 pages
RFC 9005
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Associating Policies and Label Switched Paths (LSPs)
2021-03
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
33 pages
RFC 9050
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Procedures and Extensions for Using the PCE as a Central Controller (PCECC) of LSPs
2021-07
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
20 pages
RFC 9059
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Associated Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs)
2021-06
Proposed Standard RFC
Deborah Brungard
29 pages
RFC 9168
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Flow Specification
2022-01
Proposed Standard RFC
1 John Scudder
9 pages
RFC 9357
Label Switched Path (LSP) Object Flag Extension for Stateful PCE
2023-02
Proposed Standard RFC
John Scudder
12 pages
RFC 9358
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Establishing Relationships between Sets of Label Switched Paths and Virtual Networks
2023-02
Proposed Standard RFC
John Scudder
9 pages
RFC 9488
Local Protection Enforcement in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP)
2023-10
Proposed Standard RFC
John Scudder
22 pages
RFC 9504
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Stateful PCE Usage in GMPLS-Controlled Networks
2023-12
Proposed Standard RFC
John Scudder
23 pages
RFC 9603
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for IPv6 Segment Routing
2024-07
Proposed Standard RFC
John Scudder
19 pages
RFC 9604
Carrying Binding Label/SID in PCE-Based Networks
2024-08
Proposed Standard RFC
John Scudder
Related Internet-Drafts and RFCs (26 hits)
16 pages
draft-chen-pce-compute-backup-egress-24
Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) for Backup Egress of a Traffic Engineering Label Switched Path
2024-04-02
Expires soon
I-D Exists
1
13 pages
draft-chen-pce-compute-backup-ingress-24
Extensions to Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) for Backup Ingress of a Traffic Engineering Label Switched Path
2024-04-02
Expires soon
I-D Exists
1
11 pages
draft-chen-pce-controller-bier-te-06
PCEP Procedures and Protocol Extensions for Using PCE as a Central Controller (PCECC) of BIER-TE
2024-07-08
I-D Exists

15 pages
draft-chen-pce-forward-search-p2mp-path-26
A Forward-Search P2MP TE LSP Inter-Domain Path Computation
2024-04-02
Expires soon
I-D Exists
1
19 pages
draft-chen-pce-forward-search-p2p-path-computation-27
A Forward-Search P2P TE LSP Inter-Domain Path Computation
2024-04-02
Expires soon
I-D Exists
1
11 pages
draft-chen-pce-label-x-domains-19
Extensions to PCEP for Distributing Label Cross Domains
2024-04-02
Expires soon
I-D Exists

11 pages
draft-chen-pce-pcep-extension-pce-controller-bier-06
PCEP Procedures and Protocol Extensions for Using PCE as a Central Controller (PCECC) of BIER
2024-07-08
I-D Exists

19 pages
draft-chen-pce-protection-applicability-22
The Applicability of the PCE to Computing Protection and Recovery Paths for Single Domain and Multi-Domain Networks.
2024-04-02
Expires soon
I-D Exists

5 pages
draft-chen-pce-sr-mpls-sid-verification-09
PCEP Extensions for sid verification for SR-MPLS
2024-09-13
I-D Exists

7 pages
draft-chen-pce-sr-policy-cp-validity-02
PCEP extension to support Candidate Paths validity
2024-09-13
I-D Exists

18 pages
draft-contreras-pce-pam-03
Path Computation Based on Precision Availability Metrics
2024-07-08
I-D Exists

17 pages
draft-dhody-pce-pcep-extension-pce-controller-p2mp-13
PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Using the PCE as a Central Controller (PCECC) of point-to-multipoint (P2MP) LSPs
2024-07-07
I-D Exists
1
7 pages
draft-dhody-pce-pcep-object-order-06
Updated Rules for PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) Object Ordering
2024-07-04
I-D Exists

12 pages
draft-dong-pce-pcep-nrp-02
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Network Resource Partition (NRP)
2024-07-03
I-D Exists

20 pages
draft-kondreddy-pce-pcep-ls-sync-optimizations-01
Optimizations of PCEP Link-State(LS) Synchronization Procedures
2024-04-05
Expires soon
I-D Exists

12 pages
draft-lee-pce-pcep-ls-optical-14
PCEP Extension for Distribution of Link-State and TE Information for Optical Networks
2024-07-07
I-D Exists
1
7 pages
draft-lin-pce-srv6-segment-list-optimize-02
PCEP Extension to Support SRv6 Segment List optimization
2024-07-08
I-D Exists

8 pages
draft-lin-pcep-sendholdtimer-01
Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP) Send Hold Timer
2024-08-13
I-D Exists

9 pages
draft-liu-pce-sr-policy-cp-threshold-02
PCEP Extensions to Support Signaling Candidate Path Threshold Constraints of SR Policy
2024-07-04
I-D Exists

8 pages
draft-peng-pce-stateful-pce-autobw-update-02
Update to Automatic Bandwidth Adjustment procedure of Stateful PCE
2024-06-20
I-D Exists

9 pages
draft-stone-pce-update-open-00
PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) extensions for updating Open Message content
2024-08-19
I-D Exists

27 pages
draft-wang-pce-vlan-based-traffic-forwarding-12
PCEP Procedures and Extension for VLAN-based Traffic Forwarding
2024-09-03
I-D Exists

17 pages 2024-09-25
New
I-D Exists

12 pages
draft-zhang-pce-enhanced-detnet-05
PCEP for Enhanced DetNet
2024-06-29
I-D Exists

18 pages
draft-zhang-pce-resource-sharing-16
Extensions to the Path Computation Element Protocol (PCEP) to Support Resource Sharing-based Path Computation
2024-07-04
I-D Exists
2
9 pages
draft-zhou-pce-latency-00
A Method for Exploring Latency Correlation in Multipath Networks
2024-04-17
I-D Exists